The following is the common practices for Triage and First-aid in Tuchuk:

Basic Triage in Order of Importance
Those for whom immediate care might make a positive difference in outcome - Immediate Surgery (i.e. arterial spray, amputations, eviscerations)
Those who are likely to die, regardless of what care they receive - The easing of a wounded's pain and offering comfort is important when there is nothing we can do
Those who are likely to live, regardless of what care they receive - Stitches, Concussions, Arrow wounds where no arterial or internal orgam damage is suspected, broken bones


First Aid
First Aid cannot be administered if you are not safe. Do not perform First Aid if:

• You are in a dangerous environment. Performing First Aid in or near a burning wagon will most likely be useless and you will end up dead or injured yourself for example.
• Flying arrows are not your friends.
• Battling Warriors aren't either.

The following are the first basic steps for First Aid.

• If none of the above apply and you are safe, immediately call for help. If you perform first aid and no one knows where you are, the person you are trying to aid will not get all of the help they need.
• Stay calm and be reassuring. It will do no one any good if you begin to panic. Panic in you will cause your patient to panic and possibly hurt themselves worse.
• If the person is unconscious, check for breathing and a pulse.
• Look for a rise in the chest area; listen for the sound of air coming in and out; feel for air using the side of your face.
• If no signs of breathing are apparent, check for a pulse.
• If the person remains unresponsive (is not breathing or has no pulse), prepare for CPR.
• Unless you suspect a spinal injury (caused mostly by falls), carefully roll them onto their back and open their airway.
• If you suspect a spinal injury, leave them where they are unless they are not breathing.
• If the person begins to vomit, roll them carefully to their side to prevent choking.
• If you do not know how to perform CPR, do not attempt this.

Treating Common Problems in First Aid Scenarios

• Stop the bleeding first. After you have established that the victim is breathing and has a pulse, your next priority should be to control any bleeding. Control of bleeding is one of the most important things you can do to save a trauma victim. Use direct pressure on a wound before trying any other method of managing bleeding. If direct pressure is not working try these steps:
• Elevate a wounded limb. Raising the wounded limb (assuming it is an extremity that is injured) above heart will help to reduce severe bleeding. If you suspect a broken bone, however, do not attempt to move the limb.
• Remove any debris. Clean up any visible foreign body and dirt, but do not clean the wound thoroughly as this can aggravate the wound. Your immediate priority is to stop severe bleeding. Cleaning the wound can wait.
• If the foreign object is large however (large piece of glass, knife, or similar) do not remove it. It is most likely stopping a lot of the bleeding itself. Just put pressure and bandage around the object taking care not to push it in further.
• Apply firm pressure directly to the wound until the bleeding stops. Use a pad of clean gauze, dressing, or clothing. (Even your hand can work if nothing else is available.) Place your hand over the pad and apply firm pressure with fingers or a hand to the wound.
• Apply pressure steadily. If the injury is on a limb, you can use tape or a cloth wrapped around the wound to maintain pressure (a folded triangular bandage placed over the wound and tied is ideal). For groin or other parts of the body where you cannot wrap the wound, use a heavy pad and keep using your hands to press on the wound.
• If the wound pumps, spurts or sprays blood there is arterial damage. In these cases forgo the previous steps. If you know what you are doing apply clamps to the artery above and below the damage. If you do not know how to clamp an artery, apply a tourniquet.
• Do not apply a tourniquet to anything but the arms and legs.
• Find a length of strong pliable cloth. Try to avoid using rope, string and other thin materials. A good rule of thumb is to use something that is at least two inches wide. A belt, bandage and extra shirt are all good examples.
• Place the tourniquet above the wound between it and the heart. It should be placed two to four inches away. Never place a tourniquet on the wound, as this can cause immense pain and permanent damage to the patient.
• If you are unable to tie the tourniquet strongly enough you may need to use a torsion device.
  • The best torsion device is a strong stick-like instrument that is 1 foot or longer. Tie an overhand knot over your torsion device, and then tie another. This will ensure that you have reached the torsion necessary to stop the bleeding entirely.
  • Tighten the torsion device by twisting it in one direction until the material is tight around the limb and/or the bright red bleeding has stopped.
• Treat shock next. Shock, often caused a loss of blood flow to the body, frequently follows physical and occasionally psychological trauma. A person in shock will frequently have cool, clammy skin, be agitated or have an altered mental status, and have pale color to the skin around the face and lips. Untreated, shock can be fatal. Anyone who has suffered a severe injury or life-threatening situation is at risk for shock.
• Elevate the feet.
• Keep the patient calm.
• Loosen tight clothing and keep the patient warm.
• Provide First Aid for a Broken Bone. A broken bone, however common, can be treated with the following steps:
• Immobilize the area. Make sure that the broken bone doesn't have to move or support any other body parts.
• Numb the pain. If on hand and no heavy bleeding is present, willowbark will help.
• Make a splint. Anything sturdy can be used. Stabilize the broken bone with placing two slat or rodlike structures on either side of the limb (if fingers or toes, use the digit next to it). Tie the stabilizers into place.
• Make a sling. Tie a rep cloth or extra shirt around a broken arm and then around the shoulder.
• Provide First Aid for Burns. Treat first- and second-degree burns by immersing or flushing with cool water (no ice). Don't use creams, butter or other ointments, and do not pop blisters. Third degree burns should be covered with a damp cloth. Remove clothing and jewelry from the burn, but do not try to remove charred clothing that is stuck to burns.

 

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